In the next five years, the robot components with the greatest potential for cost reduction are concentrated in four categories: integrated joint modules, reducers, servo systems, and sensors. Their costs are expected to decrease by 40%-70%, driven primarily by large-scale mass production, full-stack localization, and breakthroughs in technology integration.
1. Integrated Joint Modules: The largest potential for cost reduction and the core of overall machine cost control.
Cost Reduction Potential: Currently, the cost of a single high-volume integrated joint module has dropped below 2200 yuan, and it is expected to be reduced to below 1000 yuan by 2027, a reduction of over 50%.
Key Path: Through a four-in-one integrated design of "motor + reducer + driver + encoder," combined with automated production lines (automation rate exceeding 85%) and full-process calibration, a yield rate exceeding 96% can be achieved, significantly reducing R&D and manufacturing costs.
Representative Manufacturers:Yiyou Technology achieves a module production rate of one every 70 seconds, while Quanzhibo pushes the production line for a joint every 90 seconds, driving the BOM (Bill of Materials) of humanoid robots towards below 100,000 RMB.
2. Reducers: Domestic substitution deepens, breaking the overseas high-price monopoly.
Harmonic Reducers: Domestic products such as Green Harmonic and Laifu Harmonic have reached international standards in terms of precision and lifespan, with unit prices 40%-50% lower than Harmonic Drive Systems. The domestic production rate is expected to exceed 70% by 2027.
RV Reducers: Companies like Qinchuan Machine Tools have made breakthroughs in high-precision machining processes, reducing the delivery cycle to 45 days and lowering costs by 30%, accelerating their penetration into heavy-duty scenarios.
Planetary Roller Screws: Boruspan has achieved small-batch delivery, with a load-bearing capacity more than three times that of ball screws and costs 30%-40% lower. Large-scale application is expected from 2026.
3. Servo Systems: Domestic Rise of Frameless Motors, Driving Costs Halved
Frameless Torque Motors: Products from Huichuan Technology and Mingzhi Electric have achieved internationally advanced torque density, with a unit price of 900-1300 RMB, only one-third of Maxon's imported products. They are already being used in batches by OEMs such as Unitree and UBTECH.
Integration Trend: Drivers and encoders are integrated into joint modules, reducing wiring and interface costs. The overall system cost is expected to decrease by more than 50% in the next five years.
4. Sensors: Domestic Production of Force Control and Vision Sensors, Significantly Lower Prices
Six-Dimensional Force Sensors: Bluedot Touch and Kunwei Technology have driven prices down from tens of thousands of RMB to below 5000 RMB, with some products below 3000 RMB, a reduction of over 50%. A single humanoid robot requires four sensors, accounting for approximately 15% of the BOM cost.
MEMS process breakthroughs: Yuli Instruments and Kunwei Technology are investing in MEMS technology, potentially reducing sensor size to one-tenth and further compressing costs.
3D vision systems: DJI and Weijing Intelligent offer cost-effective solutions integrating depth cameras and LiDAR, with costs now below 10,000 yuan, supporting sub-millimeter level recognition accuracy.
